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The Siege of Doullens, also known as the Spanish capture of Doullens or the Storming of Doullens, took place between 14 and 31 July 1595, as part of the Franco-Spanish War (1595-1598) and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), in the context of the French Wars of Religion.〔〔 After of ten days of siege, on 24 July, the combined forces of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, André de Brancas, Amiral de Villars, and François d'Orléans-Longueville, tried to relieve the city, but were severely defeated by the Spanish forces led by Don Pedro Henríquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes, and Don Carlos Coloma.〔 Villars was taken prisoner and executed, and the Duke of Bouillon fled to Amiens with the rest of the French army. Finally, few days after, on 31 July, the Spanish troops stormed Doullens.〔Wernham p.30〕 The Spaniards killed everybody in the city, military and civilians alike, shouting ''"Remember Ham"'' ''(Spanish: "Recordad Ham")'', in retaliation for the massacre against the Spanish garrison of Ham by the French and Protestant soldiers under Bouillon orders.〔〔Arthur Demarsy. pp.8–16〕 ==Prelude== During the French Wars of Religion the Spanish Monarchy, as defender of Catholicism, had intervened regularly in favour of the Catholic League of France, especially in the Siege of Paris of 1590, when Henry of Navarre, the future Henry IV of France, was decisively defeated by the combined forces of Spain and the Catholic France.〔Horne pp.82–83〕 This Catholic success led the conversion of Henry to Catholicism declaring that ''"Paris is well worth a Mass"'', and finally, with the support of the majority of his Catholic subjects, he was crowned King of France at the Cathedral of Chartres on 27 February 1594.〔〔La Croix pp.179–180〕 In 1595, Henry IV of France officially declared the war against Spain, who was attempting to reconquer large parts of northern France from the hostile Franco-Spanish Catholic forces.〔Demarsy pp.8–9〕 In the Low Countries, after the death of the Archduke Ernest of Austria at Brussels on Frebuary 20 of 1595, Don Pedro Henríquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes, became Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands, until the arrival of Albert, sent by Philip II of Spain to Brussels to succeed his elder brother.〔Duerloo p.44〕 In June, 1595, the Franco-Protestant forces of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon and François d'Orléans-Longueville, Duke of Château-Thierry, taking Ham, massacring the small Spanish garrison.〔 Meanwhile, the Count of Fuentes and his forces, 5,000 Spanish troops (4,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry),〔R. B. Wernham p.29〕 advanced over France, capturing Le Catelet.〔 Reinforced by 3,000 more troops from Hainaut and Artois, Fuentes continued with his offensive, and on July 14, arrived at Doullens and started the siege.〔 With the news of Doullens, Bouillon and François d'Orléans, Governor of Picardy,〔''After the dead of Henry I of Orléans, Duke of Longueville, his brother, François d'Orléans, became Governor of Picardy.'' Wernham p.29〕 joined with the ex-Leaguer André de Brancas, Amiral de Villars,〔 and with the new combined forces, marched towards to help the besieged city.〔 The French garrison of Doullens, unlike Le Catelet, hoping that reinforcements would arrive soon, prepared a good defense.〔Demarsy pp.9–10〕 On July 16, Valentín Pardieu de la Motte, one of the Spanish commanders, while studying the defences of Doullens, was killed by a lucky shot.〔Demarsy p.9〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Doullens」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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